Q3 And 4 Newspaper

These two questions will focus on the news industry and knowledge of it as a whole

And crucially, knowledge of the case studies the Guardian and Daily Mail

	Guardian	Daily Mail
Readership	110,000 paper   35 million monthly readers online	1.1 million daily papers 33,5 million online per month
Political leaning	Left-leaning, Labour	Right-leaning, conservative
Ownership Model	Scott trust limited	Viscount Rothemere
Regulatory body	Self regulated	IPSO (Independent press standards organisation
Funding	Donations, non-for profit, advertising	Sales, advertising, profit making  organisation

 

 External factors that impact on the way that news is produced

• Political context
• Economic context
• Ownership- Dependent on the owner of the paper and their ideologies
• Technology
• Regulation

Economic context

• Falling circulation
• Falling newspaper sales
• Falling revenue for print advertising 
• Digital advertising risking slowly but not filling the gap
• Digital advertising revenue dominated by Facebook and google- struggle to monetise content

How are they trying to stop rot:

• Paywalls
• Advertising
• Subscription
• Donations (such as the guardian)

Ownership

Macro: Newspapers are primarily owned by organisations, CEO's that intend to make profit. We live in a free, capitalist society

Micro(ish): Daily mail is owned by viscount Rothemere- their job is to make profit through the sales of papers.

The guardian is owned by the Scotts trust- the priority is quality journalism, money making is important that is only to go back into the paper and to pay wages.

Even more micro: An example of the daily mail being more concerned with making profit rather than quality journalism 

An example of the guardian being concerned with quality journalism (the phone hacking scandal)

Political Context

Macro: We live in a 'free society'

We have a free press which means our press have a lot less restrictions on what they are allowed to produce which is different to lot of countries where in some cases the press is controlled by the government directly.

The press is regarded as the fourth estate, meaning its the fourth most crucial part of a society in order top be civilized. The role of the press is to hold people to account such as the people in power and to keep people informed about the positives and negatives in the country.

 Micro(ish):Daily mail is a notoriously right wing paper. They are conventionally conservative supporters as are much of the nations press.

The guardian is firmly a left wing Labour supporting paper

Regulation

How the papers are governed and regulated 

This is influenced by political context

For example- in Russia, much of the press is governed by and produced by the government

IPSO-is funded by the paper that regulates it, the guardian do not get regulated by ipso, about 1500 prints and 1100 websites are regulated by ipso, ipso criticises impress 

Impress- Matches the Leveson inquiry, no major newspaper has signed up to the service, not funded by the news industry, funded directly by government

Technological context

Technology is transforming the way that news is produced

• Interactive
• Comments
• Shares
• Videos
• Instantly updated

Mobile Phones Technological convergence

Phones allow people to watch, comment, share and film whatever they want

News stories now have to incorporate:

• Text
• Pictures
• Videos
• Audio
• Feedback and comments
• Updates
• Links to other related content  

 Audiences now expect these things and news corporations are competing with one another to produce as quick as possible.

Macro- How changes in technology are effecting the way news is produced/audience demands/needs 

Micro- give examples from your case studies that shows this

Question 4

Approaching question 4

Bandura's Media Effects Theory

Placed a child in a room with an adult and a doll, the adult would be told to play with the doll roughly before leaving the room, they would then monitor what the child did and in nearly every case the child would being behaving roughly with the doll as well. The theory stated that people copy behaviour.

There are a few issues with the theory as the experiment is questionable as not only was it done in a controlled environment where the children's behaviour may have been changed, and it was done with an inanimate object which would not give the children any remorse for behaving aggressively. 

This theory could be applied to several places.

Recent events this could be applied to?

9/11 and the 7/7 bombings have shifted peoples opinions of the Islamic faith 

Fandom theory- Jenkins

Audiences are a very important part of the media circulation process. This includes fans as they may provide their own input to creators, they are sharing the content with others, or are adding their own inputs and theories to others about the content. This is known as textual poaching, where fans take their own media product and remake it in their own vision

Macro- Less people are buying print news as the focus shifts to online news

Micro(ish)- News companies compete to produce news stories as quick as possible as well as trting to provide more options to make them stand out

Micro- 

Cultural Industries

 Power And Media Industries

James Curran and Jean Seaton

'A political economy approach to media- arguing that patterns of ownership and control are the most significant factors in how the media operates

Media industries follow the normal capitalist pattern of increasing concentration of ownership in fewer and fewer hands. This leads to a narrowing of the range of options represented and a pursuit of profit at the expense of quality or creativity.

The internet does not represent the rupture of the past in that it does not offer a level playing field for diverse voices to be heard 

It is constrained by nationalism and state censorship. News is still controlled by powerful news organisations, who have successfully defended their oligarchy.'

Applying To ST

• The restrictive nature of many countries censorship laws prevent stranger things from being shown
• The shows 1980s setting reflects the feeling of unequal power from the government
• Netflix being considerably the most dominant streaming service allows them to do things like demand higher prices for subscriptions
• Stanger things is designed to appeal to a range of audiences in order to maximise viewership and increase profitability

Applying to TK

• The drama reflects on the distrust of the government in Denmark as well as the tribalized direction in which politics is going in the country.
• The PBS DR had to outsource funds from a German PBS as they did not have sufficient funds to complete the show  
• The drama was created for a more sophisticated audience of the ABC1 variety who would understand the critique of the government and Danish society as a whole

Question 3 LFTV Drama

 The difference in then codes and conventions of long form television dramas reflect the different values, attitudes and beliefs of the audience that consume them, how far do you agree? 

-Difference between the two shows. 

-Macro vs micro 

-difference between audience- millennials, gen z, ABC1 

-Ownership structure- budget, synergy, format, bingability 

Representation- Gender roles, 2007 Denmark 1980s America 

-Theorists- Hesmondhalghs, Butler, Neale 

-Conclusion 

 

Because Netflix is present in over 190 countries, it must appeal to a wider range of audiences with different values and ideologies, whilst DR only need to focus on the niche stylings of the Nordic noire genre. 

 

Social context 

-The killing social attitudes are show towards gender with a contrast between two male politicians vying for power in contrast to the female protagonist: both demonstrate the patriarchal power being challenged with Lund Vs Meyer suggesting a westernized shift of women being in more powerful roles  

-Stranger things episode one shows the largely nostalgic representation of the 1980s America with family values and nuclear families. There is a challenge of gender roles and ideologies as was the same with this time. 

Netflix distributed stranger things through their studio 21 laps, making the show a Netflix original through the use of vertical integration. The show was a global success in some part to its pacing and bingability, a quality characteristic of Netflix